Mar 13

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common health problem in cats. FLUTD is used to describe a group of conditions affecting the bladder or urethra.  FLUTD is seen equally in male and female cats typically between the ages of 2 and 6, and about half the cats that experience one episode of FLUTD will have a recurrence.

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) can have a number of different causes. Previously referred to as feline urologic syndrome (FUS), feline lower urinary tract disease involves the structures that make up the lower portion of the urinary tract. These structures include the urinary bladder and the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body).

Potential causes of lower urinary tract disease in cats include: 
  • Bladder stones
  • Bladder infection
  • Interstitial cystitis (inflammation of the bladder)
  • Urethral obstruction (may be caused by stones in the urethra or by plugs within the urethra made up of organic debris such as cells, proteins, and minerals.
  • Incontinence from excessive water drinking or weak bladder
  • Injury to, or tumor in, the urinary tract
  • Stress
  • Spinal cord problems
  • Congenital abnormality
The symptoms of urinary tract disease include: 
  • Straining to urinate (dysuria)
  • Frequent attempts to urinate
  • Painful urination
  • Bloody urine (hematuria)
  • Lack of appetite
  • Irritability
  • Urinating outside the litter box
  • Frequent licking of the genital area

Please see your veterinarian for immediate medical attention, especially if your cat is straining to urinate or crying out in pain. This could be a medical emergency!

Diagnosing Urinary Tract Disease
  • A veterinarian will perform a physical exam on the cat. The veterinarian may find the bladder either small and thickened or very large and distended. The veterinarian will press on the bladder (called ‘expressing’ the bladder) to see if the cat is able to urinate or if the urethra is blocked. The veterinarian may also be able to feel bladder stones.
  • A sample of urine will be collected to perform a urinalysis that will indicate if there are crystals, bacteria, blood, or  or white blood cells in the urine; the urine pH and also how concentrated the urine is (called ‘specific gravity’). A urine culture may be performed to identify any urinary tract infections. The veterinarian may also take X-rays to look for stones, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. Certain dyes are sometimes passed into the bladder to aid in seeing abnormalities.
  • Blood may also be taken and tested to rule out kidney disease or other disorders.
Treatment of Urinary Tract Disease –  Depends to some extent on the cause of the disease: 
    • Cats suffering from a urethral obstruction will need to have the obstruction resolved via the passing of a catheter through the urethra and into the bladder, relieving the obstruction. Supportive care such as intravenous fluids and monitoring of kidney function and blood electrolyte levels will likely be necessary also.
    • Antibiotics are used to treat bladder infections, if present.
    • Your veterinarian may prescribe a pain reliever and also possibly a tranquilizer to help your cat be more comfortable. Relieving pain is an important way to reduce stress.  Consider using a cat pheromone product such as Feliway, which has a calming effect on cats.
    • Bladder stones sometimes require surgical removal. In other cases, therapeutic diets may be an acceptable alternative to surgery. Often, a therapeutic diet will be recommended even after surgical removal of bladder stones to keep additional stones from forming. Your veterinarian will help you decide what is best for your cat.
    • Water consumption should be encouraged. All cats should have fresh water available at all times. Water fountains and dripping faucets can entice some cats to drink more water. Feeding canned food is an alternative also because of the increased moisture content in wet food. Some cat owners also add additional water to their cat’s food.
    • Environmental enrichment should be used to reduce stress for indoor cats. Enrichment includes toys, perches, hiding places, scratching surfaces, and other items to entertain your cat and make him/her feel safe. Increase the time you spend with your cat.  Playing, grooming, or simply sitting with your cat on your lap will help her feel more secure and less anxious.
    • To reduce stress and anxiety in your cat, keep to as normal a routine as possible.
    • Litter boxes should always be kept clean and care should be taken that your cat is not disturbed or harassed while using the box. In multi-cat households, an adequate number of litter boxes must be provided. Locate the litter boxes in a quiet location and reduce any conflict between other pets or humans with the cat.
    • Unless a therapeutic diet is recommended, do not change the diet and feed your cat in a quiet location.

What is the prognosis for cats with feline lower urinary tract disease/FLUTD?

Symptoms will often resolve within a week, but the disease tends to recur. By keeping stress low, you may be able to decrease the risk of your cat having further episodes.

Steps to minimize FLUTD
  • Feed small meals on a frequent basis.
  • Add more canned food to your cat’s diet to help increase water intake.
  • Manage weight appropriately.
  • Therapeutic diet recommended by your veterinarian
  • Provide clean, fresh water at all times.
  • Provide an adequate number of litter boxes (usually one more than the number of cats in the household).
  • Keep litter boxes in quiet, safe areas of the house.
  • Keep litter boxes clean.
  • Minimize major changes in routine (eliminate stress factors)

Preventing urinary tract disease is not always possible. However, encouraging water consumption, environmental enrichment, and proper litter box care can help. If your veterinarian recommends a therapeutic diet for your cat, you should continue with the diet unless your veterinarian indicates otherwise. Do not change your cat’s diet or stop the therapeutic diet without consulting with your veterinarian first.

In order to give your cat the best chance possible for minimizing its risk of developing FLUTD, reducing the number of flare-ups if your cat has had past bouts of FLUTD, and increasing your cat’s happiness and longevity, follow the above stress management and health tips and consult your veterinarian if you are worried about your cat’s health.

 

 

 

 

 

Mar 06

Finding A Pet Sitter

Finding the Perfect Pet Sitter

 

Most pet parents would not dream of taking a vacation without their pets. But, it is not always practical or possible to bring our pets with us. In order to have an enjoyable vacation we want to be sure our pets are happy, healthy and safe while we are away.

Animals are creatures of habit, and our pet companions fare best when adhering to their regular daily routines regarding diet, exercise and sleep. An experienced and reliable pet sitter can keep your pets happy and healthy while you are away.

Pet sitters do much more than provide a pet with food and water while their guardian is away from home.  A good pet sitter also spends quality time with the animal, gives them exercise and knows how to tell if they need veterinary attention. What’s more, pet sitters typically offer additional services, such as taking in mail and newspapers and watering plants.

Why hire a pet sitter?

When you must be away from home, perhaps for travel or an emergency, and don’t want to leave your pet in a boarding kennel, who takes care of your pet?

A pet sitter is a professional, qualified individual paid to care for your pet. He or she offers both you and your pet many benefits.

Your pet gets:

·  The environment they know best. Pets may become stressed by being in a strange place.

·  Their regular diet and routine.

·  Relief from traveling to and staying in an unfamiliar place with other animals    (such as a boarding kennel).

·  Your pet is not exposed to any potential health issues as might happen            when boarding in a kennel (such as flea infestation, kennel cough,                    parvovirus)

·  Pets are assured attention while you’re away.

You get:

·  Happier friends and neighbors, who aren’t burdened with caring for your pet.

·  The peace of mind that comes from knowing that your pet is being cared for by a professional.

·  Someone to bring in your newspaper and mail so potential burglars don’t know you’re away.

·  Someone who will come to your home so you don’t have to drive your pet to a boarding kennel.

·  Other services provided by most pet sitters, such as plant watering and pet grooming.

Here are some tips to find the perfect pet sitter:

First, make a list of everything you need in a sitter and a list of the needs of your pet. Will the pet sitter simply need to exercise, feed, provide fresh water and play with your pet or are there other duties that will be desired? Does your pet require any medications? Do you have plants that need to be watered, mail and newspapers to be taken in and other household duties that need to be discussed?

Find pet sitters

Referrals are a good place to start looking for pet sitters. Start with a recommendation from a friend, neighbor, co-worker, veterinarian, or humane society.

Next, check out pet-sitting associations. For example:

·  Pet Sitters International: Use their Pet Sitter Locator tool to find professional sitters in your area. It lets you filter          your results by services offered (overnight sitting, grooming, house sitting) as well as insured, first-aid-certified            sitters.

·  National Association of Professional Pet Sitters: You can look up pet sitters by ZIP code through their website.            Listings with a NAPPS-certified logo have passed a certification test on basic pet handling, professionalism, and        first aid.

You can also find pet sitters through specialty service sites like:

·  DogVacay.com

·  Rover.com

·  Care.com

·  BringFido.com

WHAT SHOULD I LOOK FOR?

It’s important to learn all you can about prospective pet sitters’ qualifications and services. Before selecting a pet sitter, interview the candidates over the phone or at your home. Find out the following:

·  Can the pet sitter provide written proof that she has commercial liability insurance (to cover accidents and                  negligence) and is bonded (to protect against theft by a pet sitter or her employees)?

·  What training has the pet sitter received?

·  Will the pet sitter record notes about your pet, such as his likes, dislikes, fears, habits, medical conditions,                  medications, and routines?

·  Is the pet sitter associated with a veterinarian who can provide emergency services?

·  What will happen if the pet sitter experiences car trouble or becomes ill? Does she have a backup?

·  Will the pet sitter provide related services such as in-home grooming, dog walking, dog training, and play time?

·  Will the pet sitter provide a written service contract spelling out services and fees?

·  If the pet sitter provides live-in services, what are the specific times she agrees to be with your pet? Is this detailed    in the contract?

·  How does your pet sitter make sure that you have returned home?

·  Will the pet sitter provide you with the phone numbers of other clients who have agreed to serve as references?

It might be helpful to ask these questions in your interview with the prospective pet sitter:

·  What type of pets do you usually sit for? Obviously, someone with experience will put you more at ease, but it is a good idea to look for a sitter who has worked with your type of pet before. For example, if you have a large pit bull with a habit of breaking out of her leash, it would be a good idea to choose a pet sitter who is familiar with the breed and knows the importance of watching your dog at all times on their walks.

· What training have you completed? Basic training courses, behavior modification courses, and pet first aid all indicate a knowledgeable pet sitter.

· What services do you provide? Don’t assume all pet sitters are willing to stay overnight, take your dog to the dog       park, or pick up your mail. Ask for a list of possible services.

· Are you associated with an emergency veterinarian? Make sure your pet sitter will know who to call if your pet           becomes ill or injured.

·  Can you provide references? Ask for a list of references and then contact them.

Even if you like what you hear from the pet sitter and from her references, it’s important to have the prospective pet sitter come to your home to meet your pet before actually hiring her for a pet-sitting job. Watch how she interacts with your pet—does your pet seem comfortable with the person? If this visit goes well, you may want to start by hiring the pet sitter to care for your pet during a short trip, such as a weekend excursion. That way, you can work out any problems before leaving your beloved pet in the pet sitter’s care for longer periods.

Compare prices

Pet sitters determine their own prices, so you’ll find great and bad deals.

Typical costs:

·  Pet sitting costs $10-$65 per day, depending on the location, length of the visit and number of sitter’s duties.

·  Most 20-30 minutes visits cost about $10-$20 for one or two pets. Extra tasks such as giving medication or nail          clipping may have an extra charge running from $5 to $10.

·  A 60-minute visit typically costs $25-$35. Again, this offers more attention and exertion for the pet or pets.

·  An overnight stay ranges from $45- $80, with an average of $60. This option is available for those not wanting their    pet to be alone overnight

Prices remain the same for most pets, although some sitters charge less for small rodents like gerbils and hamsters.

*Boarding your pet in a kennel usually costs less than hiring a pet sitter.  The boarding process creates efficiencies in lower pricing because multiple pets can be cared for at once.  However, boarding is not as comfortable for pets as hiring a pet sitter. Many pets suffer from stress and anxiety when they are removed from their homes.  Staying at home is more comfortable for most pets, particularly those that aren’t very social. Additionally, pets get less personal attention in a boarding kennel.  A pet sitter provides a lot of one-on-one attention and interaction.

Get a Contract

Finally, ask for a written contract between you and the sitter. It should include:

·  A full list of services the pet sitter will provide: Dog walking, feeding, overnight stays, and household chores like          picking up the mail and watering plants.

·  The cost of pet sitting broken down per day and per visit, plus any extra charges. For example, if the pet sitter            charges $5 extra for holidays, make sure it is in the contract.

·  Number of visits: Include the number of days you’ll need the sitter, plus the number of visits the sitter will make per    day.

Your Responsibilities – Helping the Pet Sitter and Your Pet

Of course, even the most trustworthy, experienced pet sitter will have trouble if you haven’t also kept your end of the bargain. Here are your responsibilities:

·  Make reservations with your pet sitter early, especially during holidays.

·  Ensure your pet is well socialized and allows strangers to handle them.

·  Affix current identification tags to your pet’s collar.

·  Maintain current vaccinations for your pet.

·  Leave clear instructions detailing specific pet-care responsibilities and emergency contact information, including        how to reach you and your veterinarian.

·  Leave pet food and supplies in one place.

·  Buy extra pet supplies in case you’re away longer than planned.

·  Leave a key with a trustworthy neighbor as a backup, and give them and your pet sitter each other’s phone                numbers. Be sure those extra keys work before giving them out.

·  Show the pet sitter your home’s important safety features such as the circuit breaker and security system.

·  Make certain the sitter is able to handle an emergency and is aware of the phone number and location of the              nearest veterinary hospital as well as the number to your vet’s office.

 

Finally, have a safe and fun trip. And remember to bring your pet sitter’s phone number with you in case your plans change—or you just want to find out how your fur babies are doing.

Feb 27

How Our Pets Keep Us Healthy

Our Pets Keep Us Healthy

There is nothing better than coming home after a stressful day and having a wagging tail or a furry purr waiting for you at the door.  You quickly feel a wave of calm and contentment as you realize the unconditional acceptance and love that your pets provide.  Pet parents and animal lovers everywhere know that being around an animal can lift your mood and make you feel better after a hard day.

Even more than just lifting your mood, pets are known to keep you healthy and balanced in your life, and research shows that your pet buddy is truly good for your physical and mental health.

Mental Health

SOCIAL INTERACTION

Pets help us avoid loneliness. Dogs, cats, horses, birds, fish, and other pets allow us to focus on them, not on ourselves. Dogs are especially good for interacting with others, since we need to go out and walk them. Having a cat or bird to talk to allows us to interact and care about another living creature.

Pets can help you with your social life by going out on walks and to the dog park.  People seem to be more inclined to talk if you have a dog with you and the topic of dogs is an excellent icebreaker for conversation starters. Having an interest in animals is a great way to connect with others in social situations and may even help you to overcome your issue with social awkwardness.  If you are not ready to meet people in person, using social media, online social networking sites like dogster.com, catster.com and others or joining Facebook groups that are focused specifically on pets and animals are a great way to converse and socialize.

STRESS AND DEPRESSION

Pets help relieve stress. The level of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress, is lowered when we pet animals. Simply being in the same room as your pet can have a calming effect.  A powerful neurochemical, oxytocin, is released when we look at our companion animal, which brings feelings of joy.  It’s also accompanied by a decrease in cortisol, a stress hormone.

Research shows that individuals suffering from AIDs who had pets were less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets.  It also shows that individuals with high blood pressure who adopted a cat or dog saw lower blood pressure in subsequent stressful situations.  In only 15 minutes with your furry pet your body undergoes physical changes that dramatically reduce stress and improve your mood.

Playing with pets helps to increase your levels of serotonin and dopamine, which improve your mood. This can help to reduce levels of harmful chemicals, like cortisol and norepinephrine, that are increased when you are stressed. These chemicals can increase your chances for illness.

Pets are lift our moods and are natural mood enhancers. The production of serotonin, an important chemical associated with well-being, is increased. Animals give something to focus on instead of the negative thoughts a depressed person is prone to have.

Gently petting an animal can help to relax and reduce stress levels in both the human and animal. It is believed that the pet and the owner’s heart rates slow down and blood pressure drops because of the release of oxytocin, a hormone linked to emotional bonding.

Companion pets can also give you a sense of meaning and boost your self-esteem, and they provide you with positive mental energy, by raising serotonin and dopamine levels while decreasing cortisol, just from playing or having a snuggle session.

There are so many benefits to a human-animal bond that exceeds what is observed on the outside. Pet parents are generally happier, not as lonely, and tend to be more trusting.

Physical Health

PHYSICAL FITNESS

A dog is the best companion for a stroll—even better than a friend.  A study at the University of Missouri  found that dog walkers improved their fitness more than people who walked with other people. A separate study found that dog owners walked 300 minutes a week on average, while people who didn’t own dogs walked just 168 minutes a week. And a study in the Journal of Physical Activity & Health found that not only did dog owners walk more than non-owners, they were also 54% more likely to meet the recommended levels of physical activity.

BONE HEALTH

Exercising with a pet can lower your chance of getting osteoporosis. Taking a dog for a walk, riding a horse, and even running around your house with your cat is a good form of exercise. Exercise strengthens bones and can help prevent osteoporosis.

CHOLESTEROL

Pets may lower your cholesterol.  If you have a dog, those daily walks are helping to keep your cholesterol in check.  A survey by the Australian National Heart Foundation revealed that people who own pets, especially men, tend to have lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

BLOOD PRESSURE

Pets can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart problems.

 

Owning a pet can lower your blood pressure. Preliminary studies conducted by a research team documented that interacting with dogs help us psychologically and physiologically.

It’s a win-win situation – petting your pooch or kitty brings down blood pressure while pleasing your pet. Researchers at the State University of New York at Buffalo discovered that in people already taking medication for hypertension, their blood pressure response to stress was cut by half if they owned a cat or dog.

 

HEART HEALTH

Pets reduce your cardiovascular disease risk.  According to the American Heart Association, there is a link between having a pet around, especially dogs, with a reduced risk for heart disease and greater longevity. Findings from a study by the National Institute of Health, with heart-related studies on people who have pets, showed that pet owners had decreased blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels which minimizes risk of a heart attack in the future.

PETS CAN HELP CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND ADHD

It is common among children with autism to have sensory issues that can make interacting with people a challenge. Since animals tend to have the magical ability to easily hold the attention of children with autism, animals are recruited to assist with life changing activities. A part of sensory integration activities helps children get used to the way something feels against their skin, like the feel of a horse or the coat of a dog, which can provide a calming sensation.  

Children with ADHD can benefit from working with and even adopting a companion pet (with permission and supervision of a parent). Some benefits include: a great way for both pet and child to release energy, being given the task of keeping a pet care schedule helps a child with ADHD to be responsible, and the bond between a companion pet and a child is so strong and loving that children with ADHD learn about self-esteem.

PREVENTING ALLERGIES & ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

Children who grow up with furred animals have a decreased chance of developing allergies or asthma, and research continues to prove this fact. In a study published in Clinical & Experimental Allergy, children who were exposed to pets before they were six months old were less likely to develop allergic diseases, hay fever, and eczema as they got older.

A pediatrician at the University of Wisconsin-Madison said that “If a dog lived in the home, infants were less likely to show evidence of pet allergies — 19% vs. 33%. They also were less likely to have eczema, a common allergy skin condition that causes red patches and itching. In addition, they had higher levels of some immune system chemicals — a sign of stronger immune system activation.” In their first year of life, babies who are exposed to dogs in the household are more likely not to have allergies, asthma, and fewer upper respiratory infections.  The theory is that if exposed at an early age to dander and allergen, we may be less reactive to them over time.

Research also shows that infants at risk for developing asthma were much less likely to do so if they were raised in a home with cats, unless their mother had a cat allergy, then they were far more likely.

And, children who grow up around farm animals, dogs, or cats typically have stronger immune systems and a reduced risk of developing asthma or eczema.

 

As a final note, do your homework before adding a pet to your household. It is important to consider your lifestyle, the cost of pet ownership, and the reasons you want a pet. Talk to pet owners, read about pet breeds, and please do visit your local animal shelter. If you want a specific breed, you can find a breed rescue online.

 

 

 

 

 

Feb 20

Feline Seizures

Seizures in Cats

Also known as convulsions or fits, seizures are the result of a sudden and uncontrolled burst of electrical activity within the brain. They are one of the most common neurological disorders in cats, although the prevalence is much lower than that of dogs. Seizures occur in the cerebrum, which is located in the front of the skull. It is responsible for sensory and neural functions as well as behavior.

Cats of any age can be affected by seizures, however as many of the underlying causes (listed below) occur more frequently in older cats. It is believed around 0.5 – 1% of cats are affected by seizures.

Seizures fall into two categories:

Tonic-clonic seizures – Formerly known as generalized or grand mal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures are a type of seizure that affects the entire brain.

Focal seizures – Aso known as partial or local seizures, focal seizures are restricted to one location in the brain. Focal seizures are further divided into simple focal or complex focal. Simple focal seizures are when consciousness remains, complex focal seizures are when there is a change or loss of consciousness.

What causes seizures in cats?

Any disease which alters the way the brain functions can potentially cause seizures. Epilepsy is the most common cause of seizures in cats and is defined as recurring seizures resulting from an intracranial cause (see below). It calls into two categories:

  • Inherited, acquired or idiopathic (no known cause)
  • Symptomatic epilepsy

Causes of seizures may be extracranial (problems occurring outside the brain) or intracranial (problems occurring inside the brain).

Some common causes of seizures include:

Intracranial:

  • Brain tumor, benign or cancerous
  • Head trauma
  • Hydrocephalus (water on the brain)
  • Brain infections or inflammation such as meningitis and encephalitis
  • Bleeding into the brain
  • Abnormal migration of heartworm

Intracranial diseases are the most common causes of seizures in cats.

Extracranial:

  • Heat stroke
  • Hypoparathyroidism – a medical condition in which the parathyroid hormone is either greatly decreased or          absent. This results in low blood calcium levels and increased phosphate levels in the blood.
  • Portosystemic shunt or Liver shunt – A portosystemic shunt is an abnormal communication between blood vessels, which causes blood to bypass the liver.
  • Bacterial or viral infection (FIP, FeLV)
  • Fungal infection
  • Kidney failure
  • Liver disease can cause a build-up of toxins in the body, which can lead to seizures
  • Certain medications
  • Poisoning – Common causes of poisoning include antifreeze, lead, insecticides, marijuana, zinc,                         pseudoephedrine, chocolate, flea products
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • Metabolic disorders – Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), uremia,                       hypercalcemia (high blood calcium), hypocalcemia (low blood calcium), hypothyroidism
  • Feline ischemic encephalopathy
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Thiamine deficiency
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
What are the symptoms of seizures in cats?

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the seizures as well as the underlying cause. Nonspecific signs may include unusual behavior, lethargy, anorexia. There may be accompanying symptoms if there is an underlying cause.

Focal seizures are also known as partial or local seizures, and they are restricted to one location in the brain. Simple focal seizures are when consciousness remains, complex focal seizures are when there is a change or loss of consciousness. They affect only part of the body (for example the face).

Clonic tonic seizures affect the entire body. Most seizures last between 5 – 60 seconds but may be longer.

Seizures come in three phases known as preictal phase (also known as aura), ictal phase and postictal phase.

Common symptoms of seizures may include:       
  • Involuntary vocalization/calling out
  • Muscle twitching
  • Rigid extension of the legs
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Involuntary urination and/or defecation
  • Loss of breathing
  • Salivation/foaming at the mouth
  • Chomping or chewing

There may be subtle signs in your cat prior to him having a seizure. Mild changes in behavior, pacing, crying, clinginess and attention seeking.

Immediate care of your cat during a seizure:

Please be aware that while (and often after) a seizure has occurred, your cat may not be aware of his surroundings and it is common for him to not respond to, or recognize you. His actions are involuntary and it is important that you keep a watch on him to prevent him from injuring himself.

  • Most important – REMAIN CALM
  • If you suspect your cat is having a seizure, stand aside until the seizure stops, but speak to him in soft,             reassuring tones.
  • Remove other family pets from the area
  • Turn off bright lights, tv, radio, loud appliances, or anything with noise. Your cat’s brain is already                       overstimulated.
  • Place a towel or blanket under your cat’s head to protect him from trauma
  • Remove objects which may harm your cat such as items on furniture, floor lamps, etc., as he may thrash and   twitch.
  • If there is a risk of falling (such as being close to stairs), carefully move your cat out of danger.
  • Do not try to force your fingers or objects into your cat’s mouth to prevent choking on the tongue. It is not           possible for this to occur.
  • If your cat needs to be transported to the ER, scoop him up in a thick towel to protect both of you during transport.
  • Make a note of how long the seizure lasts, symptoms and behavior before, during and after the seizure. This     will be very helpful to your vet.
  • Remember, once the seizure has finished, it is very common for your cat to be disoriented and confused.

As soon as the seizure is over, take your cat to a veterinarian. Seizures lasting longer than five minutes are an immediate danger and the need for veterinary attention is urgent .

How are seizures in cats diagnosed?

Your veterinarian will perform a complete physical and neurological examination of your cat. He will obtain a medical history from you including onset of symptoms, how many seizures your cat has had, any medications or poisons your cat could have ingested (accidentally or given by the owner), any recent accidents or illnesses, and when your cat was last vaccinated. Diagnosis is difficult unless your veterinarian sees your cat having an actual seizure at his practice, and there is no test to diagnose seizures in cats.

Diagnostic tests will need to be performed to determine an underlying cause. These may include:

  • Biochemical profile, complete blood count, and urinalysis to evaluate the overall health of your cat and               evaluate how the liver and kidneys are functioning.
  • Imaging of the brain such as CT or MRI scan.

Additional tests may be required depending on your veterinarian’s index of suspicion as to the underlying cause. These may include:

  • Antigen testing for certain infections
  • Ultrasound to check for a portosystemic shunt
  • Specific blood tests if poisoning is suspected
  • Fecal examination to look for the presence of parasites
  • Bile acid test to measure the performance of the liver
  • Metabolic screen to look for abnormal metabolites in the cat’s urine. This may indicate lysosomal storage disease (a rare disease, genetic in cats caused by a lack of the enzymes that are needed to perform metabolic functions
  • Cerebral spine fluid (CSF) analysis to check for encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
  • In some cases, a cause cannot be determined, in which case your cat will be diagnosed with primary or idiopathic seizure disorder.
How are seizures in cats treated?

The goal of treatment for seizures is to find the underlying cause and treat it. Some conditions are completely reversible (such as lead poisoning, low blood sugar, certain infections for example), and once this has occurred then the seizures should stop completely.  Other conditions may be managed, but not completely eliminated, if a head trauma has occurred causing brain damage, or some brain tumors which are inoperable.  If this is the case, your cat may be put on anti-convulsant medications such as Phenobarbital. This medication can cause some side effects including ataxia (loss of muscle coordination or unsteady gait), increased appetite, thirst, and urination.

If your cat is still experiencing a seizure, your veterinarian may give your cat medication such as Valium to stop a prolonged seizure. Valium is also often administered if a cat is suffering from cluster seizures, or if the cat is experiencing seizures due to an injury which needs time to heal.

Aftercare:
  • It is common for a cat who has had one seizure to have repeat seizures at a later date. It is advised that you keep your cat indoors or give him access to a cat enclosure, to keep him safe.
  • If your cat is prescribed anti-convulsant medications, administer as instructed.
  • Regular follow-ups will be necessary to ensure the medication is working and is not causing any side effects.

Watching a cat go through a seizure can be a distressing and heartbreaking moment, but fortunately treatment options are available.  Additionally, progress in treating seizure disorders in cats is leading to newer medications that have reduced side effects. Being informed and knowing how to help your cat is the best way to deal with seizures.

 

 

 

Feb 13

Canine Seizures

Understanding Canine Seizures

Seizures are temporary involuntary disturbances of normal brain function that are usually accompanied by uncontrollable muscle activity, and they are one of the most frequently reported neurological conditions in dogs.

Watching a dog experience seizures is one of the most disturbing things a dog parent can ever experience.  The first time your dog seizes in front of you it is very upsetting, but as time goes along, you learn how to deal with them and how to react to keep the dog calm and prevent any trauma.

Seizures often occur at times of changing brain activity, such as during excitement or feeding or as the dog is falling asleep or waking up.  Despite the violent appearance of a seizure, they are not painful.  Your dog may feel confusion or panic, and contrary to belief, they do not swallow their tongues or become vicious. Dogs usually appear completely normal between seizures.

A single seizure is rarely dangerous to the dog, but if there are multiple seizures with a short period of time (cluster seizures), or if a seizure lasts longer than a few minutes (as in a grand mal seizure), this signals a serious medical issue with other sets of problems that must be addressed.

After a dog has a seizure for the first time, it is recommended that the dog be taken to the veterinarian for an examination. A conversation with the vet should include what the test results are, whether they will wait to see if the seizure was a one-time occurrence, or if there will be more, if/when treatment should be started and what the medical options are.

Keep a careful journal of the seizures. As soon as possible, write down the exact time the dog started to seizure and the time the seizure ended. A stop watch or watch with a second hand can be helpful. After the seizure is over and you have time, write down all circumstances surrounding the seizure, such as unusual food eaten, activities that happened during the previous day, medications or vaccinations recently given. A detailed journal can be helpful when bringing your dog to a new vet or neurologist.

The Four Phases Of A Seizure

Prodrome: The pre-seizure phase causes subtle behavioral or mood changes and precedes the actual seizure by hours or even days. Your dog may appear restless and pace, may seek affection, salivate, whine, or hide.  This phase may last a few seconds to a few hours. This is when your dog senses that something is about to occur.

Aura: Your dog may appear restless and pace, may seek affection, salivate, whine, or hide.  This phase may last a few seconds to a few hours. This is when your dog senses that something is about to occur.

Ictal: This signals the start of the seizure, which usually lasts less than 5 minutes. Your dog may appear excited, vomit, salivate, run in circles, collapse, and have uncoordinated muscle activity.

***If your dog experiences a grand mal, or full-blown seizure with loss of consciousness, all of the muscles in the body contract spastically and erratically. The dog appears to be paralyzed and usually falls over on its side.  The head will often be drawn backward. Uncontrollable urination or defecation, along with salivating, may occur.  This is considered an extreme emergency, and medical help should immediately be sought.

Post Ictal: After the seizure, the recovery period begins. Your dog may seem disoriented, uncoordinated, or may occasionally be temporarily blind or deaf.   This phase can last from hours to days.

What Causes Canine Seizures?

After your dog has a seizure episode your veterinarian will want to take a thorough history and will concentrate on any possible exposures to poisonous or toxic substances or any history of head trauma.  He will also perform a physical exam, perform blood and urine tests and in some cases, do an electrocardiogram.  All of these tests can rule out disorders of the liver, kidneys, heart, and any problems with electrolyte and blood sugar levels.

Some of the causes of seizures are:

Congenital defects
Primary or Idiopathic epilepsy  (There are no tests for epilepsy, but the tests done will rule out all the other                   causes of seizures)
Blood glucose levels that are too high (diabetes) or too low (hypoglycemia)
Low oxygen levels in the blood that could be caused by anemia or heart problems
Kidney disorders
Liver disorders
Infections such as distemper
Brain tumors
Toxins, like antifreeze, lead, or chocolate
Poisons that include chemical sprays, insecticides, and other chemical products
Fevers and hypothermia
Brain damage resulting from head trauma
Certain medications
Low calcium in female dogs that are nursing (eclampsia)

What To Do When Your Dog Has A Seizure

  • Stay calm!  As difficult as this is, it’s important for you and your dog that you remain calm before, during, and after a seizure.
  • Don’t interfere with the seizure unless the dog is in danger.  Move furniture away from the dog and put a towel or blanket under his head to protect from trauma. Keep your hands away from his mouth, as he will not have full control of his teeth and jaws.
  • Turn off TV, radio, lights, or any loud appliances, as his brain is already overstimulated.
  • Talk to him reassuringly in quiet, soothing tones
  • Do not cover him with blankets or towels to stop the thrashing. Dogs who are in seizure need to be unencumbered so that they don’t tear ligaments or injure muscles by being covered or bound.
  • Secure other family pets – Keep other family pets safely secured in another room while your dog is having         seizures. Other pets can get confused and may even attack the seizing dog out of fear.

What To Do After A Seizure

Again, STAY CALM and give hugs and reassurance.  Speak in soft, reassuring tones, repeating your dog’s name as you pet him and hold him close. He won’t remember his seizure, but he may come out of one confused and shaken. A familiar voice and some loving, calming influence will go a long way in helping him recover.

Keep him cool. Dogs can overheat during seizures, so put cold water on his paws and turn on a fan to lower his temperature.

Keep him safe. Your dog may experience confusion and temporary blindness post-seizure. Be sure he is in a safe area (no stairs, wires, etc.).

Give him a snack.  After dogs come out of a seizure, a little bit of all-natural vanilla ice cream, honey, or natural maple syrup will help raise their sugar levels back up.  Follow this with a protein such as a little kibble, cheese, chicken, or a spoonful of cottage cheese, which will help stabilize those sugar levels.

Water is a must, so let your dog take some sips of water to keep him hydrated.

When To Go To The Veterinarian Immediately

The first time your dog goes into a seizure, it’s important to see the vet as soon as possible so that he can be examined and tested.  The cause of the seizure needs to be determined so that you know how to deal with his condition.

Status epilepticus. This is a series of continuing seizures or one long seizure lasting 10 minutes or more.

Cluster seizures. Multiple seizures in a 24-hour period.

Pale white gums. This is an indicator of a pulmonary edema in the lungs caused by the seizure.

The last three listed above are life threatening and require immediate veterinary intervention. Always call the vet before you leave so that they are prepared when you arrive.

How Are Seizures Treated Or Prevented?                

Treatment for seizures is usually started after a pet has had more than one seizure a month, has had a cluster of seizures, or has had grand mal seizures that are severe or prolonged in duration.

There are many prescriptions that are available from your vet based on your dog’s diagnosis. Phenobarbital and potassium bromide are the two most common. Many seizure medications heavily damage the liver, so your veterinarian will want to perform regular liver checks if your dog has been prescribed such drugs.  Once anti-convulsant medication is started, it must be given for life.  If anti-convulsant medication is started and then discontinued, the dog may have a greater risk of developing more severe seizures in the future.

A healthy diet is crucial as so many ingredients in commercially prepared foods can trigger a seizure.  As a rule, it is best to keep the diet simple to avoid any possible triggers, so look for a food with limited, wholesome, natural ingredients with no additives or preservatives. Consult with your vet regarding diet recommendations, as well.

If you are concerned about your dog seizing while swimming, doggie life vests are available to purchase at pet stores and online.

An ID tag on a lost epileptic dog is very important. It’s scary enough to think of a lost dog, but a lost dog without medications is even worse. Medical alert tags are available at most pharmacies, pet supply store, online, or from your vet. It can be engraved and worn with your dog’s regular tags.

It may be very helpful to have an Epilepsy kit handy in your household.

Items to have on hand:

  • Any prescribed medications
  • Blanket or towel to put under his head to avoid any trauma if he jerks or thrashes
  • Old towels, rags or diapers (to clean up if your dog voids his bladder or bowel during a seizure)
  • Heavy blanket (can be used to transport a seizuring dog that cannot stand or walk to a clinic)
  • Baby gate (to block off hazards from a recovering, ataxic dog or to block other dogs from a seizuring dog)
  • Extra mats or pillows (they may need to be changed if soiled during a seizure)
  • Electric fan (to help cool a seizuring dog)
  • Bach’s Rescue Remedy, honey, molasses, or natural vanilla ice cream (these foods help some dogs recover more quickly after a seizure)
  •  Emergency contact phone numbers of your vet and the nearest Animal Emergency Clinic.

Being informed and knowing how to help your dog is the best way to deal with seizures. You can help your dog get through this stressful event by staying calm, keeping him safe, recording pertinent information about the seizure, and comforting him when it’s over.

 

 

 

 

 

Jan 30

Bone Broth For Dogs and Cats

The Benefits of Bone Broth for Pets (And Recipe)

Bone broth has a long health history—the clichés about chicken soup’s healing powers stem from its aid in reducing cold symptoms and preventing cell inflammation. Since the Victorian era, the British have sipped ‘beef tea,’ and Chinese medicine still relies on bone broth to help kidney strength.

Bone broth has many phenomenal benefits. Bone broth has been traditionally used to treat leaky gut and digestive issues, while also supporting good joint health. Bone broth can also benefit pets with allergies and food sensitives, as it is a phenomenal immune system booster. For healthy dogs and cats, a cup of bone broth once a day with a meal is an excellent whole food multivitamin to provide a boost of nutrition to a balanced diet.

Bone broth is rich in many nutrients, especially amino acids such as arginine, glycine, glutamine and proline. Bone broth also acts as a superior joint supplement, as it contains gelatin (the breakdown of collagen), glucosamine, chondroitin and other nutrients that support good joint health.

Protein rich bone broth also contains vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, iron, thiamin, potassium, calcium, silicon, sulfur, magnesium, phosphorus, and trace minerals.

Benefits of Bone Broth for Dogs and Cats

There are many benefits to reap from feeding your pet bone broth. The broth offers a boost for the overall health of your dog or cat.

Joint Health

Your pet’s bone health is dependent on the health of the collagen found in the tendons and ligaments of the bones. Bone broth is loaded with amazing compounds such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, and glucosamine which allow for protection of joints.  The broth’s easily-absorbed minerals, including magnesium and glucosamine can help in treating osteoarthritis and other joint issues.

Digestive Advantage

Toxic parasite treatment, over vaccination and inappropriate diet could cause a leaky gut in your pet. This is a condition in which the tiny holes found in the lining of the intestines to allow digested nutrients enter the body cause an enlarged and increase in number of the holes. Bone broth can be used in treating this condition.

Immune System Boost

Bone broth is rich in many nutrients that your pet can benefit from. It acts as a supplement for the joints since it contains gelatin. It is also high in vitamins C, D and K, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon among other minerals. Bone marrow carries oxygen to the body’s cells, bolstering the immune system’s ability to battle illnesses.

Additionally, it is an excellent meal for sick pets and elderly ones that cannot consume whole foods. These all add up to boost the dog or cat’s immune system and keep your pet healthy.

Repairs Skin and Hair

Bone broth is an excellent meal for sick and old pets in many ways. It helps in maintaining a healthy coat and hair. Additionally, it will help keep the pet well hydrated. All these contribute to the overall health of the skin and coat.

Detoxing

Bone broth contains amino acids that can help in cleaning up the kidneys and liver. Bone broth delivers lots of glycine, the amino acid needed by the liver to clear out all the toxins present in food, water and even pest treatments. By getting out toxins lodged within the body, these organs are protected and can carry out their functions.

Keeping Bones Healthy

Bone broth is rich in calcium and phosphorus, which is crucial for maintaining and healing bones and teeth, and for generating energy.

Boosting Nutrition, Helping Poor Appetites

For dogs or cats with food sensitivities, or pets whose appetites lag because of illness, bone broth’s taste and ease of digestion invites them to chow down.

HOW TO MAKE BONE BROTH

Making bone broth is extremely easy and inexpensive. All you need is water, a splash of apple cider vinegar, a stock pot, and enough raw or cooked bones to cover the bottom of the pot.

While you can use any cooked bones, RAW bones produce the best results. Raw turkey necks, beef marrow bones, chicken frames and similar bones are ideal for broths. Including joints and chicken feet will increase the amount of collagen, minerals, and glycosaminoglycan in the broth.

If you do not have any apple cider vinegar, you can substitute it with regular vinegar or lemon juice. The acid helps draw the nutrients (amino acid-rich gelatin) out of the bones and into the broth. The longer you let your broth simmer, the more nutrients will be extracted into the broth.

INGREDIENTS

Water

Vegetables (celery, carrots) chopped
Raw Apple Cider Vinegar
Raw Bones (Raw bones are preferred but cooked bones can be used) Organic, grass fed bones will be the best and they can be chicken, beef, pork, venison, etc.

DIRECTIONS

**(If you use an Instant Pot, add water until the bones are covered). If you have time, let the pot sit for 30 minutes so the apple cider vinegar can begin to pull minerals out of the bones.  Select the ‘Soup’ button and set the pressure to “low” while increasing the cook time time to 120 minutes, or set for 90 minutes on medium. When cook time is reached, allow the Instant Pot to depressurize naturally.

Cover the bottom of the pot with vegetables and top with a layer of raw bones

Cover the veggies and bones with filtered water
Add a splash of apple cider vinegar (About 1-2 tablespoons)
Bring to a boil
Once at a boil, reduce heat to lowest setting, cover and let simmer for anywhere between 16 – 24 hours (See Instant Pot instructions above. It will only take about 2 hours if you use this kitchen wonder.)

Optional ingredients like parsley, turmeric, kelp, and raw liver can be added to the pot to increase flavor and additional nutrient value. Make sure any ingredients you use are SAFE for dogs to consume. Do NOT use onion or garlic in bone broth, as these two foods are known for potentially making dogs sick.

Once your bone broth is done, remove the bones from the pot. You can pick the tender meat off the bones before discarding them and either feed the cooked meat with their meals, put it back into the broth, or feed it as treats. Dispose of the bones, as they should not be fed to your pet.

After the broth has cooled, skim the hardened fat off the top and discard it.

You will also need to remove the fat once the broth is cooled in the refrigerator. This is done by skimming the top layer (solid and white) and disposing of it. Underneath the fat, your bone broth should now look like jelly … the jelly means you’ve got lots of gelatin in there, and that’s what helps with your pet’s joints and the leaky gut that can cause allergies and digestive upset. That gelatin plugs the holes in leaky gut that can cause allergy symptoms, so the more jelly-like, the better.

 

Excess bone broth can be poured into mason jars and stored in the refrigerator for about five days to a week.  After it has cooled, the broth can also be frozen in plastic containers or in an ice cube tray. This way it can be used on demand for a number of months.  (Do not put glass jars in the freezer, as they will break.)

Serving Size

The serving size for each pet depends on a number of factors. The weight and size of your pet is important to take into consideration. Where offering the broth as a multivitamin, it is recommended that you give a cup of the soup for large breed dogs, half a cup for medium sized breeds and quarter a cup for smaller breed dogs or for cats.

Where the bone broth is being used as an end of life care meal or as a meal for pets with cancer, pancreatitis or those recovering from other illness and cannot eat, the bone broth serving sizes can be doubled.

In addition to serving it separately as a vitamin/health nutrient, you can spoon bone broth over canned or dry food like gravy, or offer a bone broth cube as a savory “popsicle” on a hot day for a special treat.  One thing is most certainly true, your pet will definitely enjoy bone broth!

 

 

 

Jan 23

Pet-Related Tax Benefits

Pet-Related Tax Benefits

Most pet owners will tell you that their pet is a member of their family, but when it comes time to do your taxes, the IRS disagrees.  That means you get no tax exemption for all the love and care that you provide for your pet.

But, there are situations where you can deduct some of your pet-related expenses if you fall within certain situations.  The terms are pretty specific, but it’s worth looking into when you visit your accountant or tax preparer in the coming months.

Charitable Donations to Rescue Shelters

Although the cost of adopting a dog or cat from a shelter is not deductible, any donations made in excess of regular adoption fees are deductible.  Only those donations made where no goods or services are received in exchange (i.e., your new pet) can be deducted.  When you make donations to your favorite animal 501c animal charity (mine are BARCS and Baltimore Bully Crew), be sure to ask for a letter of receipt that states that no goods or services were received.

Donations of goods or services to an approved charity are tax deductible, and when you donate ask for a donation receipt.  The value of your donation will need to exceed $250.

If you raise dogs for a charitable organization, such as Guide Dogs for the Blind, the costs associated with providing for them qualify for a charitable deduction.

To deduct a charitable contribution, file a Form 1040 and itemize deductions on Schedule A.

Fostering Pets

Expenses you incur in caring for foster animals from a qualified nonprofit organization (recognized by the IRS with the 501(c)(3) designation) are deductible (by using Form 1040 on Schedule A as charitable donations. These must be unreimbursed expenses in order to get the deduction, and they should be defined as going toward caring for the fostered animals, such as food, supplies, and vet bills. Most organizations already provide medical care and food for these animals, but any out-of-pocket expenses necessary for their care that are not provided or reimbursed are deductible.

Guard Dogs

Although the IRS takes a hard stance on deducting the cost of animals as a business expense, they will allow it if a dog is used to guard and protect your work premise and inventory. Standard business deduction rules still apply, and you must show that the keeping of an animal on your work location is ordinary and necessary in your line of business.  Size and breed would definitely matter, as a breed that is typically used for such jobs carry weight, where a Yorkie or Chihuahua would not. Guard dog-related expenses such as food, training, and veterinary bills would be allowable if you keep well-documented records of the dog’s work-related purpose and his hours “on duty”.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Moving Expenses

If you are moving due to a work-related situation (new job or job reassignment/relocation), you can deduct costs associated with transferring your pet to your new home.

There are some requirements for this benefit:

Your move must be closely related to the start of your work

You must pass the distance test – Your new job location must be at least 50 miles farther from your old home than your old job location was.  If you are starting a new job and did not have a former workplace, your new job location must be at least 50 miles away from your old home. According to the IRS the distance is determined by using the shortest of the most commonly traveled routes.

You must pass the time test – You must work for an employer full-time in the vicinity of your new job location for at least 39 weeks during the year following your move. Keep in mind that the 39 worked weeks do not have to be consecutive or even with the same employer, which means you are free to change jobs after you move. If your employer transfers you or fires you after you move, the IRS will overlook the 39-week requirement. There are also some exceptions for disability, death, involuntary separation, and other unique situations.

Guide Dogs and Service Animals

Medical expenses are deductible if you itemize, and according to IRS Publication 502, you can include the costs of buying, training, and maintaining a guide dog or other service animal to assist a visually or hearing-impaired person or a person with other disabilities.  In general, this includes food, grooming, supplies, and veterinary care that is necessary to ensure the animal is healthy enough to perform assistance duties.

You will need a prescription or documentation from your doctor that shows your medical necessity prior to obtaining any pet that you claim in order to meet the requirements of the IRS.  Keep any documentation that shows that the animal was specially trained and certified because the IRS will only approve the deduction if the animal is trained and certified as treatment for a diagnosed illness or condition.

Also, you don’t actually have to use the dog yourself to get a deduction for this category.  As mentioned above under Charitable Donations, if you raise dogs for a charitable organization, such as Guide Dogs for the Blind, the costs associated with providing for them qualify as a charitable deduction.

Hobby Expenses (Show Dogs)

Pets used in hobbies, such as show dogs, may be deductible.  If your dog wins prize money, then the expenses incurred to train, show, etc., are deducible up to the amount of the winnings.

Such expenses must be itemized with other miscellaneous deductions on Schedule A, and that total must exceed 2% of adjusted gross income to be deductible.

Law Enforcement Dog Handler

Some of the cost that goes along with maintaining a police dog may also qualify for a tax deduction if you’re not reimbursed for these expenses through your job. If the dog lives in your home when not on-duty and you’re responsible for buying its food or purchasing a kennel, you can generally claim them as a job-related expense.

Please be sure to discuss these potential deductions with your tax professional to confirm that they are legitimate for your personal financial situation and for your tax filing.

 

 

Jan 16

Why Do Cats Purr?

Why Does Your Cat Purr?

Most of us assume that cats purr because they’re happy or contented. After all, when your cat contentedly curls up in your lap for some well-deserved scratches and rubs, she’s obviously one happy kitty.

However, cats also purr when they’re frightened or feel threatened, such as during a visit to the vet, or when they are stressed.  They also purr as a method of communication.

But not all cats can purr. Domestic cats, some wild cats and their relatives — civets, genets and mongooses — purr, and even hyenas, raccoons and guinea pigs can purr. However, cats that purr can’t roar, and cats that roar can’t purr because the structures surrounding roaring cats’ larynxes aren’t stiff enough to allow purring.

How Do They Do It?

A cat’s purr begins in its brain. A repetitive neural oscillator (rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system) sends messages to the laryngeal muscles (their larynx and diaphragm), causing them to twitch at a rate of 25 to 150 vibrations per second. This causes the vocal cords to separate when the cat inhales and exhales, producing a purr. Because the muscles work both during inhalation and exhalation, this gives the impression that they can purr continuously.  The air actually passes through the valve that opens and closes very rapidly which creates the purr sound.

When Do They Do It?

Cats purr in a variety of situations and in response to different stimuli. This is analogous to people and their laughter. What causes one cat to purr or one human to laugh may be completely different than what causes the same behavior in another.

Things that can stimulate feline purring include:

* Contentment: Sitting in a favorite human’s lap, lying in the sun, nuzzling up to a favored feline friend are all examples of situations that can induce purring. These are circumstances that seemingly represent true feline contentment.  Tiny kittens will purr and knead their moms while nursing, which is a sign of contentment. In older kittens and cats, contentment purring might occur while they are eating, being pet or lying in a warm, cozy spot. They’re purring with a feeling of security of safety.

* Communication/Wanting Attention: Purring can accompany feline requests for something they want, and might be heard at mealtime or when a kitty wants some lap time. This purring is often associated with some vocalization and animated behavior such as weaving in and out of their human’s legs.  You may find that your cat is certain to wake you up in the morning by jumping on the bed, kneading and purring. This purring is mostly likely just a way of getting your attention to alert you to the fact that it’s time to be fed.  Not surprisingly, cats seem to purr with greater urgency when hungry.

* Fear or Stress: Believe it or not, some cats purr when distressed or fearful. Such purring is commonly observed in a veterinary hospital setting, and can be quite audible.  Purring may have a calming effect on your cat, which is why they may do it when they’re afraid. Visiting the vet or being in a strange environment might cause a cat to begin purring because she is stressed or anxious. In that case, purring would be akin to how humans soothe themselves by crying, laughing, distracting themselves, or even organizing their desk.

* Kitten-mother connection: Kittens begin purring when they are only a few days old. It is most noticeable when they are in close connection with their mama. In fact, kittens are capable of purring while nursing, and mama kitty typically purrs in response. Perhaps this purring behavior represents a means of bonding between a mother cat and her offspring.

* For territorial reasons: When one cat is entering another’s territory, she may purr to signal to the other cat as a friendly gesture that she’s not interested in aggression.

This last reason is remarkable!

* For pain and pain management:  Most surprisingly, purring frequencies have been shown to stimulate bone regeneration.  Domestic cats purr at a frequency of about 26 vibrations per second, in a range that also promotes tissue regeneration. That may sound crazy but think about this: High-impact exercise promotes bone health for the same reason, because bones respond to pressure by making themselves stronger. In addition to domestic cats, ocelots, cheetahs, and pumas all have the vibration frequency that is therapeutic for bone growth, pain relief and wound healing.

As a mother cat goes into labor, they emit huge purrs, thought to actually release a pain management endorphin. There is some research to suggest that the frequency of the purr has tissue healing properties, so it’s possible that cats purr to self heal, or self soothe.

Purring Is Good – For Many Reasons

It’s naive to think that cats can only purr for one reason—it’s like thinking that people can only laugh for one reason. Humans can laugh out of joy, a desire to be polite, when surprised, in discomfort or in derision—and only context will tell an onlooker which is going on.

Purring isn’t just good for cats, but it’s also healthy for cat owners. Studies show that cats do a better job of relieving stress and lowering blood pressure than other pets. In fact, a 10-year study at the University of Minnesota Stroke Center found that cat owners were 40 percent less likely to have heart attacks than non-cat owners, and purring might play a role in that.

Purring is an auditory stimulus that we attribute to calmness and peacefulness.  That stimulus gives us positive reinforcement and it contributes to the whole relaxation effect when we interact with our cats.

When Purring May Be A Clue To A Problem

Your cat is trying to convey some sort of emotion when she purrs.  Cats don’t just purr to communicate they are content. It’s never safe to assume that if a cat is purring that it is happy and content. As a cat owner, you should always be vigilant.

To determine the cause of your cat’s purring, pay attention to her environment to determine how she’s feeling. Purring during play, during meals, while being petted and during normal routines are usually pretty safely considered the good, positive reasons for her purring.

If your cat is outside her normal environment and purring, she is obviously trying to comfort and soothe herself with something familiar by purring.

*Additionally, and very importantly, if your cat isn’t eating or is listless and uninterested in normal behavior or routine but is purring, that may mean that she is not feeling well and there is most likely something wrong.  This may require a trip to the vet.

The Healing Powers of Purring

Various veterinary studies indicate that cats rarely suffer bone or joint-related diseases, including hip dysplasia, arthritis and ligament problems. Even bone cancers, such as myeloma or osteosarcoma, are almost unheard of in cats. Bone and joint problems may not be the only illnesses helped by a cat’s purring ability. For example, respiratory problems associated with heart disease are almost non-existent in cats.

It has been proposed that purring is nature’s way of endowing felines with an evolutionary healing advantage.

Most of us know that a cat’s purring is relaxing and stress reducing, but science has shown that it can also be physically beneficial. It’s not just the sound of purring that’s important, but the vibration it produces.

Scientists have known for many years that vibrations at specific levels or frequencies cause healing changes in the body. These vibrations can induce bone growth and regeneration, so that bone fractures heal faster and weakened bones begin to strengthen and rebuild. Higher frequency ranges increase production of the body’s natural anti-inflammatory compounds, thereby reducing joint pain and swelling. Evidence suggests that these frequency ranges can repair muscles, tendons and ligaments, which has led to their use in physical therapy clinics, sports medicine, and gyms around the world.

 

Jan 09

Benefits of Coconut Oil for Dogs

Benefits of Coconut Oil for Dogs

Coconut oil is extracted from mature coconuts and takes the form of an edible oil that is used in food and beauty products. It is high in saturated fat and medium-chain triglycerides, which are thought to be behind the recognized health benefits for both humans and dogs.

Coconut oil can increase energy levels, improve skin and coat, improve digestion, and reduce allergic reactions.  Additionally, it can potentially slow cognitive dysfunction in dogs, as fatty acids are helpful in cognitive function.

Coconut oil is rich in a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) called lauric acid. This substance is most commonly found in the milk of mother mammals, and one of its primary functions is to boost the immune system. That’s why coconut oil is so effective at helping to clear up bacterial and viral infections. Like pumpkin, it can also soothe digestion and upset stomachs.

Besides the overall health benefits, coconut oil can be used as a coating on pills to help dogs swallow them, and it can be applied topically to smooth and freshen a dog’s coat.

Benefits of Coconut Oil

Gut and Digestion (when taken internally)

Helps improve digestion
Reduces or eliminates body odor and bad breath
Reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Increases nutrient absorption

Skin Health (when applied topically)

Helps with eczema
Minimizes red, itchy and dry skin and softens up dry cracking skin on nose, feet, and elbow pads
Reduces skin allergies
Prevents yeast infections
Clears up contact dermatitis
Prevents fungal infections
Aids in the healing of wounds and punctures
Moisturizes fur and makes coat shiny

Overall Health (when taken internally)

Prevents and controls diabetes
Helps normalize thyroid function
Reduces arthritis symptoms
Reduces symptoms of kennel cough
Helps with weight loss
Coconut oil also gives the “good” HDL cholesterol a boost. “Fat in the diet, whether it’s saturated or unsaturated, tends to nudge HDL levels up, but coconut oil seems to be especially potent at doing so,” says Walter C. Willett, M.D., on the Harvard Health website.

*** It is recommended that pet parents use organic, virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil. The cold-pressed method helps ensure that the coconut oil is processed very quickly after it is harvested, which preserves as much of the nutrients as possible.

How to Give Coconut Oil to Dogs

How much you should give your dog depends on his size.  Some veterinarians recommend starting out with slow doses and gradually building up.  A good starting dose is a small portion (about 1/4 of a teaspoon) at first over the course of three to four weeks. Then you can build up to a normal portion of 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon daily, depending on the size of your dog.  The recommended dose of coconut oil for dogs is one teaspoon per 10 pounds of dog. Smaller pets should have no more than 1-2 teaspoons of coconut oil per day.  One-half to one teaspoon daily for a medium-sized dog (30 to 40 lbs.) is an average portion.

You can feed your dog coconut oil as a treat or mix it into your dog’s food. However, if you have an obese or overweight dog, it’s suggested that coconut oil be provided no more than once a day because of its high fat content.  Any dog who is receiving coconut oil should be closely monitored for weight gain.

Coconut Oil Concerns

The main side effects of feeding coconut oil can be increased weight if fed too often to an overweight pet. Another side effect can be soft stool or diarrhea. As with anything you feed your dog, observe him after he eats coconut oil to make sure it agrees with him. If you notice any side effects in your dog, stop feeding him the coconut oil or reduce the amount you give him.

While coconut oil is generally safe for dogs, some canines may have an allergic reaction to the supplement.  Do not give coconut oil to dogs prone to pancreatitis, as it can be a risk due to its high fat content.

Topical Application of Coconut Oil for Dogs

Coconut oil can add moisture to your dog’s skin and prevent flaking. It also helps freshen up a dog’s coat if used with a light touch. To use it topically, simply rub a very small amount onto your hands and then gently pat the coat, run your fingers through the fur, and massage a little down onto the skin. Since coconut oil can be given orally, you don’t have to worry if dogs lick themselves after it’s been applied to their coats.  If your dog has dry paw pads, rub a small amount of coconut oil onto his paws — preferably before a nap or before bedtime so he’s not walking on his oiled paws afterward. Coconut oil smells and tastes good, so your dog might be tempted to lick the oil off. Be sure to rub it in well so that the oil can absorb into your dog’s skin.

Weekly Coconut Oil Treatment – After you bathe your dog, keep him in the tub or wherever you shampoo him and dry him lightly. Apply the coconut oil like a mask, ensuring that you are covering any dry or flaky spots he may have. Massage it deep into the skin, from the tips of the ears to the tip of the tail, including tops of toes and toenails.  Wait about five minutes, letting the oil absorb into his skin. Then use a light application of shampoo again after the five minutes and do a quick rinse. The idea is to remove the excess oil not have him feel greasy.  The treatment will leave your pup’s skin soft and in a healthier condition.

For Cleaning Skin Folds (on breeds like bull dogs or pugs) – These breeds have skin folds on the face and body that frequently stay moist, leading to irritation, odor or infection.  Cleaning the folds with coconut oil will help remove bacteria, calm and moisturize irritated skin, and reduce or eliminate odor.

Natural Ear Care – Some vets recommend cleaning the dog’s ears with just a couple of drops of oil, such as coconut or olive, placed into the ear canal. This softens the excess wax and helps it move up and out where it can be wiped away with a tissue.  

Coconut oil can soothe your pet’s ears. Just add a few drops to the ear, then massage the area around their ear to help clean out any wax and soothe itchiness.

Coconut Oil Alternatives for Dogs

If your dog has an allergic reaction to coconut oil, or there are simply no improvements seen by adding coconut oil to your dog’s diet, there are alternatives. Cold water fish oils, like salmon oil, and to a lesser extent, flax seed oil, are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids that can provide some of the same benefits of coconut oil. Of course, with any supplements, a dog’s intake should be monitored and it’s best to consult your veterinarian when it comes to any health issues with your pet.

Coconut oil has different tastes and scents, depending on which brand or type that you buy. They can range from a strong coconut taste, to very mild and almost bland, to buttery and rich, to nutty and toasty. Experiment with different kinds until you find one that your dog will enjoy.

 

 

Jan 02

Doggy Dementia – Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD)

Dementia in Dogs

After bringing us many years of love, joy and devoted companionship, our dogs inevitably start to slow down and show their age. The passing of time is a fact of life, and one that can start to show its effects on our dogs.  This is usually difficult for us to realize and understand, as we want our loved companions to stay young and vibrant.

Hearing loss and decreased mobility are the signs of aging you would expect any dog to show, but if your dog starts showing signs of confusion, disorientation or changes in behavior, he could be suffering from a condition known as Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD).  CCD is similar to Alzheimer’ disease in people, and is often called doggy dementia.  It is the name given to some of the behavioral changes seen in older pets.

What is CCD?                                                                                                                                                                             

CCD is a degenerative neurological condition seen in dogs which results in a gradual, progressive loss of brain function.  In dogs with CCD, the brain undergoes a series of physical and chemical changes that result in a decline in the dog’s mental faculties. Sadly, it’s also a fairly common condition, occurring in approximately 12-14 per cent of older dogs aged more than 10 years old.  It affects all breeds of dogs, but it is perhaps more common in smaller breeds because, overall, they tend to live longer.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of CCD vary in severity. Often, one of the first signs of the problem is a loss of learned behaviors, such as house-training.  There may be changes to the dog’s character in that a dog may become more aggressive, or their relationship with another pet in the household may change – dogs who have always gotten along may start to fight.

CCD dogs can often look lost and confused, or be found staring vacantly at a wall or immobile object.

If you think your dog may be suffering from CCD, you should have him checked out by your veterinarian. There are other conditions that mimic the symptoms of CCD and can be treated, and your vet will be able to advise you accordingly.

Keep an Eye Out

Some of the behavioral changes commonly associated with CCD include:

  • Confusion and disorientation; your dog may become lost or even trapped in familiar places around the home     and backyard
  • A decreased ability to recognize familiar people
  • Failure to respond to familiar commands
  •  Forgetting house training
  • Startling easily
  • Wall staring
  • Changes in sleeping patterns
  • Learned behaviors being forgotten, like housetraining
  • Repetitive wandering or pacing
  • Irritability and aggression
  • Persistent barking, especially at night
  • Disinterest in food
  • Frequent trembling or shaking
  • Failing to respond to his name

If your dog is showing any of these signs, head to your vet for a checkup.

Diagnosis

Because symptoms of dementia are often subtle, many owners attribute them to old age and forget to mention them to their veterinarian. It’s recommended for senior dogs to visit the veterinarian for wellness exams twice annually, so if your dog is experiencing any behavioral changes mention them to your veterinarian.

Dementia shares its symptoms with many other illnesses, so your veterinarian may need to do a complete behavioral and medical workup to eliminate other potential causes of the behavioral changes.

Treatment

Sadly, there is not cure for CCD, but there are ways of managing and potentially slowing down the development of the disease.

There are two major factors in helping to manage CCD.  One way is the prescribing of drugs by your veterinarian which can help with brain function and reduce anxiety.

Your veterinarian may prescribe Anipryl, which has been shown to slow the progression of canine cognitive dysfunction. It is a drug that is used to treat Parkinson’s in humans, and is available now for dogs in tablets and chewables. If your vet prescribes it, try to shop around because its price varies. The doses prescribed for dogs can be quite expensive, but it can also be purchased in generic tablets (Selegiline).

The other major factor is behavioral work, and although it will not cure your dog, maintaining a healthy and stimulating environment will help in slowing the progression of “cognitive decline.” This typically involves maintaining a daily routine of exercise, play, and training.

In addition to medication and behavioral therapy, your veterinarian may suggest employing a special, balanced diet to improve the dog’s cognitive functions (memory, learning ability, etc.). This diet is also typically supplemented with antioxidants, vitamin E and C, selenium, flavonoids, beta carotene, carotenoids, Omega-3, and carnitine — all considered excellent for improving the dog’s cognitive functions.

There are steps you can take at home to help your dog cope with the disease.

• In order to prevent confusion, try not to change or rearrange furniture
• Leave wide pathways free of clutter so that your dog can easily move around the house
• Try to stick to a regular routine of feeding and walking
• Don’t push your dog too hard when introducing him to new people or animals
• Most importantly, remember to have patience

If you think your beloved pet might be suffering from CCD, head to your vet to get the problem diagnosed and work out the best treatment option for your pooch.  Dogs with this condition require life-long therapy and support. With careful management and plenty of TLC, your help can make a world of difference when it comes to improving your dog’s cognitive functions.